AKAMARO K’UMUCO

Umuco witwa imboneragihugu. Umuco ni wo uranga abantu ndetse ukababumbatira. Umuco ni yo ndorerwamo y’igihugu cyangwa y’akarere, abahatuye bakireberamo, bakamenya uko basa. Ndetse n’abandi bakabareberamo, bakabamenya uko babaho, icyo bakunda kurya no kunywa, uko bitwara mu mvugo no mu ngiro, bakaboneraho kubegera, kubana na bo cyangwa se kubitarura: wajya i Burya-sazi ukazimira bunguri, utajya ibwami ukabeshywa menshi, waba utazi umurera umukamureresaho ‘amasiha’, kandi ntujye mu bajiji utari umujiji !

Umuco mu Rwanda, ari wo wa ba sogokuruza, utuma abatuye igihugu n’abari hanze yacyo bakomeza kwitwa abanyarwanda aho bari hose. Nasanze umuco ubumbatira imilyango: umugabo, umugore, abana n’abo bafitanye isano bose, bakagirana ubumwe bunuka, bituma iyo usanze abavandimwe bavumbitse akarenge ukuramo akawe inzira zikigendwa, maze wiha kwizubaza cyangwa kuzarira, akawe kagatokombera.

Umuco ubumbatira umurenge n’akarere, ahantu aho ari ho hose, hakabumbatira abantu bahakomoka cyangwa bahatuye. Bakagira ibyo bahuriyeho bibaranga, wahagera uru umuva-ntara ukabanza gusiganuza, washaka kumenya akari i Murore cyangwa kubaza impigi n’icyiyihatse, bakakubwira ko ‘i Rukara hirirwa ntihararwa’, naho ‘i Ruhande rwa Mpandahande hakaba mw’itetero ry’intiti’.

Nasanze umuco ari uburanga bw’iwacu, ugacubya ba ‘Nyirakazitereyemo’ na ba ‘Nyiranzayino’ bene ‘Mbarushakubimenya’, bamwe bashaka kuyicuranga bayica umurya cyangwa bashaka kurusha nyina w’umwana imbabazi, biyobagije ko ukura umwana amenyo nyina akasama. None se akajya kurusha umusega kwota ntibajugunya? Umuntu ushaka kumenya umuco w’ahantu arahirirwa akaharara.

Umuco ntucika burundu, n’iyo ucuyutse kubera gucurikiriza no gutira iby’ahandi, hasigara ibisigisigi byawo, ibyiza bigasugira bigasagamba ku muganda w’inzu, n’aho ibitajyanye n’igihe bikagenda buheriheri nk’amahembe y’imbwa, bimwe bita kugenda nka Nyomberi. Umuco urinda abawo, ukarinda imiryango, ukarinda uturere n’igihugu cyose mu buryo bw’imibereho ya kimeza-miryango.

Henga turebe ibigize uburanga bw’umuco-karande w’i Rwanda!!

UBURANGA BW’UMUCO

Umuco w’i Rwanda urangwa ahanini ni ibi bikurikira: ururimi ruvugwa [Ikinyarwanda], ubumenyi n’ubuhanzi, imirimo n’ibikoresho, ubugeni n’ubukorikori, imyambaro, ibinyobwa n’ibiribwa, ibirori n’ubukwe, ibitaramo n’ibiganiro, imibanire n’abandi, imigenzo, imiziro n’imiziririzo, iyobokamana, uburere n’ubutegetsi. Koko rero, umuco ni ipfundo ry’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda.

• Mu buryo bw’urulimi
Umunyarwanda w’ukuri arangwa no kuvuga ururimi rwe rwa kavukire rw’ikinyarwanda, yaba aganira n’abandi, yaba yivugisha cyangwa yivuga ibigwi n’imyato. Anyurwa no kuruvugana n’abe, abo azi n’ab’ahandi, ha handi hirya y’aho u Rwanda ruterwa inkingi. Anyurwa no kurwigisha abana be, akazabasigira uwo murage mwiza. Ikinyarwanda gikoreshwa hose n’igihe cyose ari ngombwa.

Mu mivugire, hariho abazi gusongora amagambo, hari abamenya gusiga no kuzimiza, hari abazi gushyoma hakaba n’abashyomoka. Hari abagira akarimi karegetse, hakaba n’ababunza amagambo. Habaho abavuga uburimi, hakaba n’abadedemanga. Habaho n’ibiragi.

Uko biri kose, uko wavuga kose, ikinyarwanda ni urulimi rukize ku magambo, rukomeye kandi rurushya abarwiga. Rukagira imigani n’ibirari by’imigani cyangwa insigamigani, rukagira inshobera-mahanga, rukagira amarenga n’amarangamutima! Mu mvugo y’amarenga harimo kwica ijisho, kurya undi urwara, kwimyoza, guhigima, kuzunguza umutwe, gukorora, n’ibindi. Ikinyarwanda kigira utugobyongo mu turere tumwe na tumwe: tuvuge ikigoyi, ikirera, ikinyanduga, ikiganza n’igikiga. Habaho imvugo y’abashumba, n’imvugo nyandagazi, hakabaho n’imvugo y’imandwa. Habaho n’ivuzi-vuzi ry’abatwa (abanganda) na ba karimi nyawirege. Niba umunyarwanda arangwa n’imvugo y’ururimi rwe, no mu mirimo ye agira umwihariko.

• Mu buryo bw’imirimo n’ubukorikori
Umunyarwanda utari inyanda arangwa n’imirimo y’amaboko: nko guhinga, kubaka, gutaka imitako (e.g. gusenga ibibindi), kuragira amatungo, kwenga ibitoki no gushigisha, kuvoma amazi no kwikorera inzoga, hamwe n’ubugeni n’ubukorikori.

Abantu bashobora guhinga batera urusamo, bashobora guhinga ubudehe, habaho no kugaza umugenda. Iyo baturukije imbuto, ubwo igihe cy’ihinga kiba gikubirije. Bashobora kubaka urugo baherezanya, bakoresha inturubiko. Bashobora kubaka inzu bayiturutse imbere n’inyuma, bitari “Nshinze umwe ndasakara”. Habaho na ba “nshingarutemba”.

Imirimo y’imitako isaba ubwitonzi, si bimwe byo gusabaganya boshye uwihereranye umusazi, ahubwo ni ugutuza ugatunganya uwo mulimo. Hari imitako y’uduseke n’inkangara, hari utubindi, hari inyegamo, hakaba n’amasaro n’amasimbi.

Imirimo yo kumenya amatungo ishaka abashumba ba rukunyu, bamwe bazi gushokera, kubyagurura no kuvuvuriza. Bakamenya gukama inka bicariye utwabakamyi, ntibasumbanye urubu, bakamenya kuvuruganya no kurindira, ntibibagirwe kuzikinga/ngira. Zigahanagurwa, zigahonorwa, zigashiturwa, zigakizwa inguha n’imisundwe, bakamenya icyarire n’igicaniro, bakazirinda amasazi ya mukwikwi. Bakamenya gukoma isinde y’abashumba, ntibirare ngo biraze i Nyanza kandi inyana zamazwe na karonda!

Mu bikoresho bisanzwe byo mu rugo harimo: Ku baboshyi: uruhindu n’imbugita
– Ku bacuzi: inyundo, imivuba n’inkero, ityazo, igicuriro.
– Ku babumbyi: inkorogoto, umusena, urujyo, utubindi, inkono n’inzabya (inzeso)
– Ku bubatsi: imihoro n’amashoka/intorezo/indyankwi
– Ku babaji: umutwero, inshyamuro, umuhoro, ishoka
– Ku bahinzi: amasuka, imihoro, imbugita, ibitebo, inkangara, ibigega, ibyibo, ibidasesa, inkoko, intaro, incyamuro,…
– Ku bashumba: inkoni n’inkuyo, ibyansi n’imikerenke, injishi, n’ibihindizo
– Ku barwanyi: amacumu n’inkota, imyambi n’imiheto, ingabo…

Mu buryo bw’imyambaro

Mu bihe bya none, imyambaro y’abanyarwanda itandukanye cyane n’iya ba sogokuruza. Kandi ni mu gihe, kuko ibihe bihora biha ibindi, bigasimburana iteka. Mu gihe hambere abakobwa bambaraga ishabure, ubu ngubu ni ijipo, ikanzu, ipantaro n’ikabutura. Hariho n’umudeli w’udutambaro two mu mutwe twitwa “bisi iransize” ndetse n’amakanzu cyangwa utujipo bya “kebukamuhungu” bimwe bigaragaza ibyano n’amaribori. Rero ngo ni ‘duruwa’. Ni agahomamunwa.

Mu gihe abagore bambaraga inkanda, ab’ubu biyambarira udukanzu twa “rohonsa”, utujipo twa “pilise”, ndetse n’amapantalo nta kibazo. Mu gihe umugore yategeraga umugabo urugore, uwa none yitegera agatambaro ndetse n’ingofero rugeretse. Harahagazwe.
Mu gihe abasore bambaraga impuzu, aba none bari muri mugondo, amapantalo manini yitwa ‘kaguru k’inzovu’, bakitwara “burasita”, mbese ntuzabashakire hafi, benshi biyambarira ibishwangi (ibishwambagara) ngo ni yo mudeli igezweho! Ni akumiro nk’aka wa musaza wo mu ruhira uvugwa mu gisakuzo.

Mu gihe abagabo bambaraga impuzu, ab’ubu banigiriza karuvate itema igituza, bakambara amapantalo n’amakote. Abadashoboye kubihanura, biyambarira impari (ikabutura). Icyakora hari aho bagikenyera imyenda. Aho amajyambere y’abazungu agereye mu Rwanda, umwambaro uboneye wari ikanzu cyangwa ijipo n’ishati/umupira ku mwari, wari ikabutura n’ishati ku musore, ukaba umucyenyero n’umwitero ku babyeyi n’abagabo. Habaho n’amakoti ya kabuti, amwe ajya gukabakaba ku birenge.

• Ibinyobwa n’ibiribwa

Mu gihe abanyarwanda bahuye bishimye cyangwa bafite urundi rubanza bamara, bagira umuco wo gusangira ibyo bafite, cyane cyane ibinyobwa by’inzoga: urwagwa n’ikigage. Ariko iyo bidahari, ntabwo bibabuza guhura ngo bahugurane, bungurane ibitekerezo, kuko burya birasanzwe mu kinyarwanda ko nta bisanganwa nk’amagambo; nyamara iyo itaretswe ntashira, cyeretse iyo avunaguwe ni bwo abasha gukwirwa mu ruhago. Rimwe na rimwe, mu bihe by’akababaro n’icyunamo, abantu bajya hamwe bakayaga, bagahumurizanya kandi bagasangira ibinyobwa n’ibiribwa bihari.

Umunyarwanda akarangwa n’umurava, ntiyandavuzwe n’inda ngo ahinduke urw’amenyo mu bandi. Ibyo kurya no kunywa ni ngombwa mu gutunga imibiri y’abantu, ariko iyo inda yasumbye umutima kaba kashobotse. Ni bwo bavugira ku muntu ko inda yamutanze imbere cyangwa ko yameze inda n’umudomo.

Mu muco nyarwanda, kururumba no guhubuza ibyo ubonye ni bibi. Ubusanzwe abanyarwanda barya ibiva mu milima yabo n’ibikomoka ku matungo yabo, tuvuge: ibishyimbo, amashaza [amajyeli], ibijumba, ibirayi, amateke, imyumbati, ibikoro, ibitoki, ibigori, ubuyobe [ubunyobwa/ububemba], imboga, ibihaza, umutsima, impengeri, inyama n’ikiremve. Mu binyobwa, habamo urwagwa n’ikigage, inturire n’inkangaza [intore cyangwa umutsama], umutobe utoba inzara, amaganura, igikatsi, umutero n’amata.

Mu muco nyarwanda, uwariye ni we urya kandi nta mfura itarya. Ku rwego rwo kunywa, hemezwa ko uyihubuza mu gacuma ikagukubuza mu bagabo. Umuntu uyikunda iramusabika maze ikamuzunguza, ikamuvutaguza, ikamuvuvuza agasigara ari akavulivundi. Ubundi inzoga ikitwa imfura, ikanywebwa n’indi, bwa bundi ubupfura buba mu nda aka wa mugani w’impyisi ibwira inka!

Umunyarwanda ubusanzwe agira ikinyabupfura mu kurya no kunywa, akarya akagabuye ntabe ‘nyamuryakanoze’. Akarya kandi akanywa aziganya, kuko inda ari bashimira mw’iriro, ng’ujya kuyihima arayirariza. Ntigira umuhendezi.

• Mu buryo bw’ibirori by’ubukwe

Mu gihe cy’ubukwe, haba mu isaba, mu itebutsa n’ishyingira, abantu barizihirwa, bakambara neza, bagashaka intwererano bakabutaha. Bagahurira mu rugo rw’aho ubukwe bwatashye, abantu bakicara ahabateguriwe, hakabaho umwanya wo kuvuga imisango y’ubukwe. Muri icyo gihe bose batega amatwi amagambo avugwa bitonze, ntihagire ukubagana cyangwa ngo asakuze. Akenshi abagore n’abana bahabwa urubuga rwabo mu gikari cyangwa mu nzu, aho bashobora kwisanzura na bo batari ku gitsure n’ikijisho cy’abagabo.

Abacyuje ubukwe batira utubindi, uducuma n’imiheha, intebe n’ibindi bikoresho bikenerwa mu bukwe. Uretse umutumirwa mutindi witwaza intebe, ubundi bwo abantu bafatanya uko bashoboye: ni cyo gituma ubukwe bugereranwa n’urubanza, ntawe ubwifasha rero, kimwe n’ibindi birori bindi, kuko nta mugabo umwe. Ahubwo abashyize hamwe batwara inzovu ku mashyi.

• Mu buryo bw’ibitaramo n’ibiganiro
Mu bitaramo n’ibiganiro higanzamo imbyino, amahamba, imigani, ibisakuzo n’ibyivugo.

A. Gacamigani bati ducire umugani, arabasubiza ati:
– Ruriye abandi ntirukwibagiwe
– Umukunzi w’impyisi ni we irya mbere
– Abatutira batongana batura ukubiri
– Umusonga w’undi ntukubuza gusinzira
– Agaca kacakiye agacurama ‘kati sinari nzi ko akaguruka karya akandi’
– Umutavu w’ururimi iyo uciye ikiziriko ntugarurwa
– Ubangurira urwango rwabyara ntukamire umwana
– Imfizi icugita iby’isi ni Ruhogo rwa Birahinduka
– Ukandagira agahungu ntahonyora
– Ubamba isi ntakurura
– Bigagura bya Biguma ati: ‘Jyewe wabonye uko iminsi igira umugabo, nintumaho sinzemera!’
– Iminsi iteka inzovu mu rwabya
– Iminsi ikona ingwe
– Iminsi icura idaciye amakara
– Inyombya yahagaze ku itongo rya Rugaju rwa Mutimbo wari umutoni udaterurwa ku ngoma ya Gahindiro, iti ayiwe: ‘Akari aha kajye he?’
– Inyamanza bati ‘ko ufite akaguru gatoya?’ Iti ‘n’aka ngakesha Resengo, Resenzi yari agiye kukabazamo ubwato bwo kwambutsa inyambo z’ibwami’
– Uburiye umubyizi mu kwe ntako aba atagize
– Gishira (igihugu) abakunzi ntigishira abashinyaguzi
– Inyana y’insindirano ironka ntitsimba
– Imanga y’Imana iruta ikigarama cy’ijisho
– Amata y’ibuzungu anywebwa inshushyu
– Isekurume yanyereye mu giheri, iti: ‘aho amagambo ahereye ndahamenye’
– Umugabo Mahingura yabwiye Mahinga ati: ‘Nyabuna urajye uhinga uhingura kuko aho uhinga hahingaga abandi’
– Ntugakangwe na ‘ndisize’, burya haba ubwo aba ari amasabano
– Findifindi irutwa na so araroga
– Amaherezo y’inzira ni mu nzu

C. Ibisakuzo:
Umwe ati: Sakwe sakwe! Undi ati: Soma!
Uwa mbere ati: (bimwe mu bisakuzo)
Kashira amanga karakanyagwa! [Akobo kavuna imbyeyi. Agacumu kica inkurikirane]
Iri waribona he! [Ubukumi bwa so na nyoko. Umurara w’uburo]
Mugongo mugari umpekera abana! [Urutara]
Nkuruye urusuri ishyamba rirahubangana! [Umusore wishwe n’inzara]
Nagutera urujeje uruhungira-jana warumenya nkaguhemba [Inyenyeri kw ijuru]
Karakurizaga karakurutaga wa duli we? [Akanyarirajisho]
Gatinze kazaza!

D. Muri rusange, mu buryo bw’ibitaramo n’ibiganiro habaho imbyino z’abagore n’iz’abagabo, hakabaho n’izo bahuriraho. Tuvuge gutera ikinimba n’urusamo ni iby’abagabo n’abasore. Habaho ibyivugo, kwishongora no gusarikana bya gihungu. Habaho amahamba y’inka, hakabaho n’amahigi y’imbwa. Habaho imigani miremire, ibisigo, inshoberamahanga n’ibitutsi
• Tuvuge iki ku bitutsi?

Habaho ibitutsi, bimwe bya ‘mpangara nguhangare’, birundurira kwifuliza utukwa gutukuza ubura nk’amara ya rusake, gukuka amenyo ingumba iguye, bikamwifuliza kumara iminsi impyisi ishaka no kumara igihe urume rumara cyangwa guhenera umugina no kujya mu muhashya dore ko umuhanga wubaka inzu. Ni bya bindi byo kwifuriza undi kwicwa n’amacinya, kwicwa na mugiga cyangwa kwicwa na myambi. Hiyongeraho gusabira utukwa gukinduka, gukubitwa n’inkuba itagira amazi, kumesa ingobyi, gucana injishi no kwenyegeza ibisabo.

Habaho bimwe byo gutukana ugatokoza, bya bindi bisabira utukwa gusiga ubusa ku nzu, gukuruza amenyo ikirago, kubona inzara zigwa, kunyara amaraso no kuzana inkanizo, gusimbukisha amavi umugenda no kwambara inyabaganga. Uko biri kose, burya ngo utuka utamusubiza ni we uba yituka.

Habaho n’inganzo yo gukoronga, ufatiye urutoki rwa musumbazose ku ngoto: bikorwa kenshi n’abashumba. Habaho no kuvumana, n’ubwo ntawuvuma iritararenga.

A. Habaho n’inshoberamahanga: Tuvuge nko kwirya ukimara, kugendesha umutwe nk’uruyuzi, kugenda biguru-ntege, kurya amenyo, kuvunira ibiti mu matwi, gushyira inda imbere, kwicira undi ijisho, kuragira ibisiga, kurigata mu bihanga,… guca muti wa mperezayo cyangwa se kurya utungucenge, kwimara nyirarigi no guca akatsi. Tuvuge gusubiza amerwe mw’isaho, kuburira inka mu nkuku, kwikoza mu kebo k’akamahore, kwikoza mu ry’agaca cyangwa irya kagoma, kwimyiza imoso, gukama ikimasa, kubemba bikuma, kuvomera mu rutete. Tuvuge gutera isekuru, guha imbwa amaboko, kwimenera isazi mu jisho, kurya undi icyara, gukora iyo bwabaga, kuvuza iya Bahanda, kurara ukubiri n’umutsima, kunywana inka ikirego…

• Mu buryo bw’imibanire mu bantu

Ku birebana n’imibanire mu bantu, buri wese agira uko agenda, ariko hariho bimwe usanga abantu benshi bahuriyeho:
– Hagati y’umugabo n’umugore
– Hagati y’umukazana na Nyirabukwe/Sebukwe
– Hagati y’umwana n’ababyeyi be
– Hagati y’abavandimwe
– Hagati y’umuntu n’inshuti ze

Havugwa ndetse ibyo badahurizaho:
– umuco wo gukazanura
– umuco wo gutunga umwana na nyina
– umuco wo gutonesha, no kurera bajeyi
– umuco wo guhungura
– umuco wo guca inyuma
– umugabo w’inganzwa

Nyamara ahenshi, iyo habonekaga amazomere, akaga n’akagane byugarije urugo, habagaho kubaza abakuru no kwambaza Imana, ya yindi yirirwaga ahandi igataha i Rwanda. Wayambariza ku ziko ikagusiga ivu!
• Mu buryo bw’iyobokamana

Umuco-nyarwanda wemeraga Imana Rurema. Mbere y’uko Kiliziya igera mu Rwanda, abakurambere bakoreshaga uburyo bwo guteza utuyuzi, ari byo kuraguza. Bakabaririza neza intsinzi y’inyatsi n’ibyago, maze inda yasumba indagu, ibyo ku gicumbi bikaburiramo, noneho ibyari umuhigo bikaboneza mu muhogo, ibintu byashaka bikadogera ni ha handi. N’ubwo iby’abapfu biribwa n’abapfumu, kuko ntawe utamba munsi iyo Nyamunsi yaje, indagu yibandaga ku bishobora gutanga ibyara no kurinda abanzi n’abarozi. Aha rero, inzira yari ndende, kuko byarengaga abazima bigafatira n’abazimu. Kera kabaye bigasaba kubandwa. Iyo zageraga ku Mulinzi wa Lyangombe, zahinduraga imvugo bigatinda: urwagwa rugahinduka urwaka, kwihagarika bikaba gutera isogi.

Mu myizerere ya ba sogokuruza, urubanza rwose n’urugendo urwari rwo rwose rwagombaga kubanza kumurikirwa abakurambere: ni byo bita guterekera. Ni nk’isengesho rya buri gihe, bakagusha neza abazimu kugirango batarakara bakarikoroza, ibintu bikadogera. Muri uko guterekera, habagamo guhiga umuhigo, maze ibintu byagenda neza bakazawuhigura, bigahuza n’igihe cyo kubandwa.

Mu muco-nyarwanda, mbere y’umwaduko w’Abapadiri Bera n’Abamisiyoneri b’Abazungu, abanyarwanda bemeraga ko Imana ishobora byose, itanga byose kandi itagurirwa: amazina amwe arabihamya: Ntimugura (Imana ntimugura, iyo muguze iraguhenda), Maniraguha (Imana iraguha, ntimugura), Hategekimana cyangwa Niyitegeka (Imana ni yo itegeka byose) na Itangishaka kandi Itangayenda (ntihaba gukanura amaso). Ni bwo habaho ya mvugo ngo: Uwo Imana yahaye amata ntisukamo amazi. Kandi ngo uwo Imana yasize umunyu rubanda ruramurigata. Bityo, agati kateretswe n’Imana ntigahuhwa n’umuyaga.

Ahasigaye Imana ikaba Rugira na Rugaba, maze uwo ihaye ntate ingata. Imana ntigira umugore cyangwa umwana, si ingore kandi si ingabo, ntibyara kandi ntibyarwa. Igahora ari Rurema, ntibe na rimwe ruremankwashi. Maze abantu bose bakubaha iyo Mana ihoraho, kuko itagira itangiriro n’iherezo. Baba abategetsi n’abategekwa, baba abato n’abakuru, baba abakene n’abakire, ntihagire n’uyu n’umwe uyisundata. Ntinegurizwa izuru na rimwe!

Iyobokamana, ubutegetsi, umubano mu bantu, ibitaramo n’ibiganiro, ibirori by’ubukwe, ibiribwa n’ibinyobwa, imyambarire, ibikoresho n’imilimo, hamwe n’ururimi ruvugwa byifatanyiriza hamwe kugaragaza uburanga bw’umuco-nyarwanda. Wa muco w’uruhererekane rwa ba sogokuru na sogokuruza. Ni umurage mu banyarwanda.